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For a vessel proceeding enroute, located more than 50 nm from nearest land outside a special area and having in operation its ODME, the maximum instantaneous rate of an oily water mixture is:
30 litres per nautical mile.
300 litres per nautical mile.
60 litres per nautical mile.
When describing the characteristics of oil cargoes or oil/water slops, a “mercaptan” is:
A device fitted to a cargo pump which automatically alerts the operator once traces of water start to be detected during discharge.
A chemical additive blended with crude oil to inhibit the natural “rotten egg” smell associated with certain grades.
The component of hydrocarbon-based cargoes which is formed from Merolion Carbonized Tannin.
A colourless, odorous gas, with a smell similar to rotting cabbage and which is generated naturally by the degredation of natural organisms, as may be found where water has remained under oil for a long time.
The approximate Upper Flammable Limit of Crude Oil when measured as a percentage volume in air is:
If W = Displacement, L = length, B = Breadth, D = depth of vessel, Cb = Block Coefficient, Cw = Coefficient of Waterplane, RD = Relative Density, then:
What is the density of the undiluted vapour that is liberated from crude oil?
1,5 times that of inert gas.
2 times that of inert gas.
Special Areas as per MARPOL are:
Specific geographical sea areas in which special mandatory measures for the prevention of sea pollution by oil are required.
Specific geographical sea areas, designated as Marine Conservation Areas by the United Nations, in which any discharge from the cargo area of an oil tanker is strictly controlled.
All sea areas within 50 miles from the nearest land, where that coastal state is a signatory to MARPOL.
Limited ocean and sea areas, listed under the OPA-90 Act, inside which the discharge of oil is prohibited and the penalty for doing so is an unlimited fine and jail sentence.
As per the IMDG Code, “Proper Shipping Name” is defined as:
The correct chemical name of a potentially hazardous material, as identified from the Chemical Cargo List.
The name under which a dangerous material, substance or article is described for export purposes in the country of loading.
The name assigned by the manufacturer to a material, substance or article for the purposes of shipment.
The name to be used in any documentation relating to the transportation of the dangerous substance, material or article, such as on forms, labels and placards.
On oil tankers, Cargo tanks can be isolated from machinery spaces by:
All the answers are good.
When commencing the cargo transfer at the terminal, the decision to commence the transfer is made by:
The mutual agreement of those in charge of cargo operation, both on board and ashore.
The person in charge of cargo operation at the terminal.
The person in charge of the chartering and operation of the vessel.
The person in charge of cargo operation on the vessel.
With reference to oil tanker equipment, the abbreviation VECS stands for:
Vapour Ejection Control System.
Vapour Emission Calibration System.
Vapour Emission Control System.
Vapour Emission Control Standard.
Under the ISM Code the provision of individual control measures for specific work-related tasks exist in the:
Definition of supervisory responsibilities.
Documentation of individual job descriptions.
Why is it important to have good relationship on-board a vessel?
It encourages crew to extend their contract.
It will prevent accidents from happening.
It leads to better work performance and positive atmosphere among the crew.
Crew comes to know each others problems.
What is the ideal maximum viscosity at which crude oil cargoes are best discharged for maximum efficiency of centrifugal pumps:
When internally transferring any oil cargo within the vessel, the correct procedure would be to:
Obtain permission from the receivers and retain all e-mail correspondence for the attention of the cargo surveyors.
Transfer no more than 5 % of the total cargo volume at any one time.
Obtain permission from the charterers and document all operations fully in the Oil Record Book.
It is not necessary to obtain any permissions, provided the Captain makes an entry in the Deck Log Book, documenting his reasons for moving cargo.
When discharging dirty ballast from an oil tanker at a high flow rate with main cargo pumps, the instantaneous rate of discharge of oil is calculated by formula:
Instantaneous rate of discharge (l/nm) = oil content (ppm) · flow rate (m3/h) / speed (knots) · 1 000.
Instantaneous rate of discharge (l/nm) = oil content (ppm) · 1 000 / flow rate (l/h) · speed (knots).
Instantaneous rate of discharge (ml/nm) = oil content (ml/nm) · flow rate (l/m) / speed (knots) · 100.
As per SOLAS the Inert Gas System of an oil tanker must deliver the inert gas with a maximum level of oxygen of:
Not less than 8 % by volume.
Not more than 5 % by volume.
Between 8 % to 11 % by volume.
The purpose of the demister unit within the Inert Gas System is:
To remove water from the IGS stream.
To remove sulphur oxides.
As per MARPOL, the formula for calculating the minimum draft amidships for crude tankers in ballast condition is:
After the last entry being made, the retention period of an oil record book on board must be:
Not less than 5 years after the date of the last entry.
Not less than 3 years after the date of the last entry.
When documenting Crude Oil Washing operations in the Oil Record Book, which of the following must be included in the sequence of entries?
The ullage in the tank at the commencement of washing.
The average oil cargo temperature during the washing operation.
The ship’s speed during the washing operation.
The method of establishing that the cargo tanks were dry.
The one particular hazard to be taken care against, when using portable steam driven blowers for ventilating oil cargo tanks is:
That plastic extension tubes should not be used, in case the top collar overheats and melts, causing the tube to drop into the tank.
That prolonged use may cause the core material of the fan to heat up to a point where it may become a source of ignition.
That the steam outlet must point vertically upwards to avoid possibly burning the legs of passing personnel.
That the exhaust does not vent into the cargo tank, in order to prevent possible build-up of static electricity.
The purpose of expansion couplings to be fitted on the longitudinal pipelines of oil tankers is:
To allow the pipelines to follow the ships flexing movement when pitching.
To allow the pipeline to expand when loading a hot cargo through the pipeline.
To prevent the pipeline from cracking when the ship suffers from Racking stresses.
As per international regulations, the minimum inert gas pressure required to be maintained in slop tanks if slops are retained on board is:
The longitudinal bending moments caused by cargo distribution on an oil tanker need to be taken into consideration:
Only during loading and discharging cargo.
Only when on ballast passage in heavy seas and when the vessel is pitching.
Only when on loaded passage in heavy seas and when the vessel is pitching.
During loading, discharging and on loaded passage.
The purpose of the decanting line between two slop tanks, where fitted, is:
To enable most of the recovered oil to be retained in the primary slop tank, while the cleaner part of the water will flow into the secondary slop tank, where it can be re-used as wash-water.
To avoid a build-up of static electricity during water washing, caused by air being drawn in as the primary slop tank empties.
To enable the filling of the secondary slop tank via the primary slop tank.
To enable both the primary and secondary slop tank to be filled without using the main cargo lines.
Which of the following type of crude oil requires special consideration in terms of carriage and cleaning?
One particular group of hazardous goods that is highlighted by the IMDG Code as potentially being the most dangerous for carriage is:
DG placards shall be located on a freight container:
One on each end and one on each side.
One of the back end and one on one of the sides (only).
Which of the following best describes what the wax content of crude oil is?
The percentage of wax, expressed as a percentage, remaining in an oil product after distillation.
The percentage, by weight, of paraffinic wax found in a representative sample of the crude oil.
The observed volume percentage of waxy deposit found in a cargo tank after discharge in relation to the total volume of cargo previously carried.
What statutory certificate is carried onboard to indicate that a tanker is in compliance with Annex 1 of the MARPOL convention?
The International Oil Pollution Prevention (IOPP) Certificate.
International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals (ISGOTT).
When an inhibitor is added to an oil cargo, the items mentioned on the accompanying certificate include:
Inhibitor name; amount added; date added; period of efficiency; precautions if voyage length exceeds that period; eventual temperature limitation.
Inhibitor class; amount added; date of expiry; minimum period of optimum efficiency; precautions to be taken when added; minimum temperature requirement.
Inhibitor name; percentage applied; date of expiry; precautions to be taken on voyage and interval of application; maximum temperature at which continuously effective.
Inhibitor class; percentage blended; date added; maximum period of efficiency and applicable temperature limits; maximum storage period on board; contact number of manufacturer.
According to ISGOTT, in which of the following situations, when measuring vapour space oxygen content of a cargo tank, can a electrochemical sensors in gas measuring instruments become damaged or poisoned?
When the sample containing hydrocarbon/inert gas has a hydrogen sulphide content greater than 2 %.
When the sample containing hydrocarbon/inert gas has a hydrogen sulphide content greater than 1 %.
When the sample containing hydrocarbon/inert gas has a hydrogen sulphide content greater than 3 %.
The Reid Vapour Pressure (RVP) test is commonly used for measuring:
The absolute vapour pressure of the liquid at 37,8 °C.
The absolute vapour pressure of the liquid at 15,6 °C.
The absolute vapour pressure of the liquid at 38,7 °C.
The absolute vapour pressure of the liquid at 59 °C.
A tanker in ballast, having recently left the discharge port is involved in a collision. The two vessels are still interlocked after the collision and a survey of the ships gives all crew members are safe and the damage is focussed to the vicinity of the impact. What should be the greatest concern at this time?
When the two vessels separate one (or both) of the vessels will have insufficient stability to remain afloat.
The vessels moving together will create even greater damage to their structures.
The possibility of pollution.
The ships moving together in the swell/seaway will cause a spark and consequently an explosion.
As per the IMDG Code, an “article” is referred to as:
A device that contains a dangerous substance or mixture of substances.
A device that is responsible for initiating a dangerous reaction.
A form that contains important information about a hazardous substance.
Something that is packed within a freight container.
The DoS addresses the responsibility for the security of the water around the ship and the verification of increased threat levels.
As per the IMDG Code, “Marine Pollutant” is defined as:
A substance which is subject to the provisions of Chapter V of SOLAS 1974 as amended.
A substance which is subject to the provisions of Annex III of MARPOL.
Any substance which is deemed hazardous to the marine environment.
The compensation payment by the charterer that is due when a vessel is unable to load/discharge her cargo within the allowed and contracted time is referred to as:
Contractual penalty discount.
As per IMDG Code, the term “separated from” can be defined as:
Either in a vertical or horizontal separation: if the intervening decks are not resistant to fire and liquid, then only in a longitudinal separation is acceptable. For “on deck” stowage, this means a distance of at least 12 metres. This distance also applies to one package stowed “on deck” and another in an upper compartment.
In different compartments or holds when stowed “under deck”. Provided an intervening deck is resistant to fire and liquid, a vertical separation may be accepted as equivalent. For “on deck” stowage, this segregation means a distance of at least 6 metres.
With an intervening compartment, being both a vertical and horizontal separation. Provided an intervening deck is resistant to liquid and fire, a vertical separation of 6 metres is acceptable. For “on deck” stowage, this segregation means a distance of at least 12 metres irrespective of compartment divisions.
A “Pellistor” is:
It is the electrical sensor which detects low pressure in an Inert Gas generating control system.
It is a sensor that can be used in a combustible gas indicators to detect and measure flammable gas concentration as a percentage of its lower flammable limit.
It is the common term applied to the metal, ceramic or other heat-resisting material which can cool even an intense flame below the temperature required for ignition, as utilised in a flame arrester.
The scantling draft of an oil tanker fitted with segregated ballast tanks is:
The minimum draught amidships when in ballast condition.
The maximum draught determined by the Loadline Rules.
The draught for which the structural strength of the ship has been designed.
How much liferaft capacity should be provided on a conventional cargo ship of more than 85 metres in length?
25 % of the complement on each side of the ship.
100 % of the complement if it can be readily launched on either side of the ship. If it cannot be readily launched on either side, 100 % must be provided on each side.
75 % of the complement on each side of the ship.
50 % of the complement on each side of the ship.
If all indications are that a cargo has been received without damages, irregularities or short shipment and the phrase “apparent good order and condition” is entered on the Bill of Lading, then this Bill is this said to be:
A Due Title Bill of Lading.
An endorsed Bill of Lading.
A Bill of Lading completed for shipment.
What is this?
The United Nations stamp used for endorsing international shipping certificates.
The United Nations Packaging symbol used for Dangerous Goods.
The identification stamp placed in the passport of a stowaway by an Immigration Officer to indicate that his or her nationality is “unknown”.
The “Unitary Nomenclature” symbol placed alongside the name of a dangerous cargo in shipping documents to indicate that it appears on the list of approved international shipping names.
The maximum oxygen content by volume permitted in the cargo tanks throughout the crude oil washing operation is:
When cargo discharge reaches stripping levels on an oil tanker, it is necessary to reduce the inert gas pressure so as to:
Comply with the requirement of MARPOL Annex VI.
Avoid over-capacity in the IG generator.
Avoid locking the cargo pump impeller.
As per the US Code of Federal Regulations, the current Oil Transfer Procedures for a vessel carrying out discharge in US ports must be:
That the procedures be legibly printed in a language or languages easily understood by personnel engaged in the transfer operation and permanently posted or available at a place where crew members can see and use them.
That the Master of the vessel engaged in a transfer shall, before commencing any transfer operation, ensure that all crew members involved in that operation shall be familiar with the applicable operating and emergency procedures and be capable of communicating in a common language with terminal operators.
That the procedures be available in hard-copy or electronic format to the Supervising Officer in a language with which he is familiar.
That the procedures be printed in the English and Spanish languages and permanently posted in the wheelhouse of the vessel.
When conducting a risk assessment for a shipboard work activity, the two elements to be considered are:
The chance of an incident re-occuring and the potential effects of an loss.
The available manpower and their experience in this type of work.
The potential severity of harm and the likelihood that harm will occur.
When in-service testing a hose used for cargo transfer on an oil tanker (and for which the elongation of the hose assembly when new was greater than 2,5 %), the maximum permitted elongation before the hose must be withdrawn from service should be:
Not more than 1,5 times the temporary elongation measured at the previous in-service test, as documented in the ship’s annual test record.
Not more than 1,25 times the temporary elongation measured when the hose assembly was last tested, as documented in the appropriate certificate.
Not more than 1,5 times the temporary elongation measured when the hose assembly was last tested, as documented in the appropriate certificate.
Not more than 1,5 times the temporary elongation measured when the hose assembly was new, as documented in the manufacturer’s certificate.
During an audit, adherence to the company cargo handling procedures can best be demonstrated:
By requesting that an audit takes place during cargo operations.
By providing a summary of out-turn figures for the auditor.
By being able to provide comprehensive and verifiable documentary records of cargo operations.
The chemical characteristics of effluent water from an inert gas scrubber and the condensate which collects in the deck mains would be:
Besides danger of vapour inhalation by crewmembers, if Hydrogen Sulphide is present in high concentrations in crude oil, it can also cause:
What is a VPR (OPA-90)?
Vessel Response Procurement.
With reference to oil cargo calculations, API refers to:
American Petroleum Institute.
Approved Petroleum Inspector.
You are on a sailing vessel, underway in open water. This vessel is sighted on the starboard bow, on a steady bearing and the distance is closing. By the International Regulations for the Preventing Collisions at Sea, what action will you follow?
Risk of collision is deemed to exist and, as the other vessel is on a steady bearing on my starboard side, I will maintain my course and speed.
This vessel is clearly a power-driven vessel and I anticipate that the bearing will therefore close and she will pass ahead at a safe distance.
Risk of collision is deemed to exist and, as the other vessel is on a steady bearing on my starboard side, I am required to keep out of the way. I will make a broad alteration of course to starboard.
By Rule 18, a power-driven vessel underway shall keep out of the way of a sailing vessel. I will maintain my course and speed, but will continue to monitor situation to ensure the other vessel takes avoiding action.
What are the three volumes of the IAMSAR Manual?
A – Command and Control; B – Communications; C – Rescue Procedures.
I – Planning and Preparation; II – Rescue Control; III – Reference.
I – Organization; II – Communications; III – Rescue Procedures.
I – Organization and Management; II – Mission Co-ordination; III – Mobile Facilities.
The reporting of incidents involving harmful substances and/or marine pollutants is regulated under:
The UN Convention on the Reporting of Accidents and Incidents which Present a Hazard to the Marine Environment 2004.
Appendix B of the Supplement to the IMDG Code
To correctly report an oil spill in US waters:
The master of the vessel responsible for the spill must advise the Environmental Protection Agency National Incident Reporting Center (or the appropriate regional office) within 2 hours of the incident being reported to that person.
The person in charge must first report the spill to the National Response Center or, if not practicable, to the Environmental Protection Agency regional office or local US Coast Guard Marine Safety Office. This must be done immediately that person has knowledge of the spill.
The person responsible for the spill must report preliminary details to the appropriate State Police within 30 minutes of the accidental discharge taking place.
Master of every ship must provide:
Facilities to conduct training whenever required by the training officer.
A link between the shipboard training officer and the company training officer ashore.
The training during crews working hours only.
Proper rest to the crew after each training programme.
Any person who can assume overall charge of the ships crude oil washing operation must have:
They must have at least six months experience on tankers, be knowledgeable of the cleaning procedures and equipment applicable on board the vessel and be able to fully demonstrate understanding of the operation of the ODME equipment.
At least 12 months appropriate experience on oil tankers, have participated in at least two COW programmes and be fully knowledgeable of the contents of the Operations and Equipment Manual.
They must have at least three months experience on tankers, have participated in at least six washing operations and be aware of the procedures associated with the completion of the Oil Record Book.
The maximum permitted oxygen content in the inert gas supply when inerting a cargo oil tank prior to gas freeing is:
After passing through the scrubbing tower of an inert gas system, the approximate level of carbon dioxide in the inert flue gas should be:
With reference to the exposure of “vapours” from oil cargoes, “Short Term Exposure Limit” value is determined by:
The airborne concentration of a toxic substance averaged over any 10 minute period, usually expressed in ppm.
The airborne concentration of a toxic substance averaged over any 15 minute period, usually expressed in ppm.
The airborne concentration of a toxic substance averaged over any 25 minute period, usually expressed in ppm.
The airborne concentration of a toxic substance averaged over any 30 minute period, usually expressed in ppm.
The approximate API gravity of Arabian Light Crude is:
On board a crude oil tanker, guidance on the washing system and equipment along with the applicable operating procedures, can be found in:
The Oil Record Book – ship particulars page.
The Operating and Equipment (COW) Manual.
The ODME Operating Manual – manufacturer’s instruction section.
As per IMDG Code, the main criteria for drawing up classes for safe handling of hazardous substancesis on the basis of:
Selective laboratory tests commissioned by the Committee.
Chronological order in which they have been assessed.
The type of hazard they present.
The inert gas system shall be capable of delivering inert gas to the cargo tanks at the rate of:
At least 125 % of the maximum discharge capacity.
At least 135% of the maximum discharge capacity.
At least 150 % of the maximum rate of discharge capacity.
When describing the characteristics of oil cargoes or oil/water slops, a “mercaptan” is:
A colourless, odorous gas, with a smell similar to rotting cabbage and which is generated naturally by the degredation of natural organisms, as may be found where water has remained under oil for a long time.
A chemical additive blended with crude oil to inhibit the natural “rotten egg” smell associated with certain grades.
The component of hydrocarbon-based cargoes which is formed from Merolion Carbonized Tannin.
The compensation payment by the charterer that is due when a vessel is unable to load/discharge her cargo within the allowed and contracted time is referred to as:
Contractual penalty discount.
After efficient scrubbing of inert flue gas what would be the concentration of sulphur dioxide be:
As per MARPOL, the contents of lines and pumps on a crude oil tanker at completion of discharge must be:
Drained and then pumped either ashore, or to a cargo tank or slop tank on board.
That they be drained directly (and only) to shore.
That they be cleared to shore by the use of compressed air.
That agreement be reached at the pre-cargo conference as to whether the ship or shore facility are to receive the “unpumpable product remaining in lines and pumps” and the appropriate side then clear the lines to the other by any appropriate means.
With reference to ship stability, the letters “TPC” stand for:
Tonnes per Centimetre Immersion.
Tipping Perimeter Centre.
An oil tanker with a defective Oil Discharge Monitoring Equipment may be allowed by a Port State Authority to trade for:
One ballast voyage before proceeding to a repair port.
The vessel will be detained until ODME is rectified.
Two ballast voyage before proceeding to a repair port.
Oil tankers built and delivered after 6th July 1986 may have wing ballast tanks that extend throughout the cargo tank length. In this case the design feature against pollution in the event of the bottom being breached is that:
Additional level sensors and alarms must be fitted to give early warning of oil outflow.
Steel thickness in the bottom area must be a minimum of 1,36 times that otherwise required by construction regulations to minimise the extent of any breach.
The cargo tank levels must be set so that hydrostatic pressure will stop oil outflow.
The pressure vacuum valves must be capable of complete sealing, and the integral strength of the tank such that a total vacuum is capable of being maintained in the breached compartment, thereby preventing outflow of oil.
On a traditional crude oil carrier, it is possible to arrange the valves in the bottom of a pumproom so that cargo flows from one bottom line to another. When more than one grade of cargo is carried, what is the operational safeguard requirement regarding these valves?
There is no so special requirement.
That two valves must be closed on each line or a “spacer” removed to ensure no direct connection between tanks.
That one valve segregation is maintained at all times.
That there is two valve segregation.
What is meant be the term “sour crude”?
Crude oil containing hydrogen sulphide content greater than 0,1 % by volume.
Crude oil containing hydrogen sulphide content greater than 0,3 % by volume.
Crude oil containing hydrogen sulphide content greater than 0,5 % by volume.
How many square metres does the IAMSAR Volume 3 manual suggest may be calmed by releasing 200 litres of lubricating oil slowly through a rubber hose with the outlet maintained just above the surface while the ship proceeds at slow speed?
Approx 500 square metres.
Approx 5 000 square metres.
Approx 50 000 square metres.
Substances, materials and articles shall be stowed as indicated in the Dangerous Goods List of the IMDG Code, in accordance with a series of stowage categories, which are designated as:
5 categories, labelled A-E.
Three categories, numbered I, II and III.
10 categories, lattered A-K (excluding I).
10 categories, numbered 1-10.
When in-service testing a hose used for cargo transfer on an oil tanker (and for which the elongation of the hose assembly when new was greater than 2,5 %), the maximum permitted elongation before the hose must be withdrawn from service should be:
Not more than 1,5 times the temporary elongation measured at the previous in-service test, as documented in the ship’s annual test record.
Not more than 1,5 times the temporary elongation measured when the hose assembly was new, as documented in the manufacturer’s certificate.
Not more than 1,25 times the temporary elongation measured when the hose assembly was last tested, as documented in the appropriate certificate.
Ship’s cargo pump room alarm must be automatically activated when levels of hydrocarbon gas concentration are:
No higher than 10 % of LEL.
No higher than 5 % of LEL.
No higher than 15 % of LEL.